Nature and nurture: Forming attitudes and behaviors

Political Science for Australian Indigenous Cultural Heritage

Question: Are the ongoing atomic and rocket tests in North Korea and the US reaction, best comprehended as a pragmatist structure, a constructivist system, or a mix of both? Clarify. Answer: Constructivist structure executed by the US is through exchange where the leaders of the included countries consent to talk about under legitimate conditions. The conversations are planned for decreasing the dangers of rocket tests to different countries. North Korea aspirations have prompted utilization of atomic specialists in growing exceptionally progressed atomic weapons. Pragmatist and helpful structures are planned for guaranteeing that there is legitimate national advancement thinking about different countries. Pragmatist system is the place the national interests are viewed as when creating procedures for universal relations. The helpful system centers chiefly around the hurtful impacts of a specific activity executed by a country. The ongoing atomic and rocket tests in North Korea and the US reaction is a valuable system as it considers the worldwide prosperity more than the national interests (Sanger, 2017). The rocket tests represent a danger to various countries as they can be immediate to any piece of the world creation North Korea amazing because of their weapon predominance. It is crucial for countries to diminish the execution of weapon predominance for worldwide harmony. Sensible assessment requires the leaders to play out an examination of fundamental information in accompanying a choice which will expand the exhibition of a country. Soc ial and monetary effects of a choice require being gotten to in creating systems that will influence the drawn out presentation of a nation (Probst Michael, 2014). The methodology are should have been successful in augmenting universal relations through a legitimate methodology of national activities. The North Korea is required to build up a technique that considers the security of different countries for the accomplishment of set long haul objectives of creation. The atomic tests performed by North Korea lessen the universal relations with different nations because of the threat forced by the weapons. In the reasonable structure, the military is considered as the most basic unit of the country because of its capacity to maintain control and harmony in a country. The productive methodology of managing atomic weapons targets underscoring on social interests instead of the financial effect of the task (Narang, 2015). The atomic weapons negatively affect social advancement requiring t he North Korea rockets to be controlled for a knowledge of social turn of events. Prejudice in 'the West' today is a heritage of government. Examine concerning contemporary race relations in a single western nation. Bigotry is on the ascent particularly in Europe where individuals are segregated because of their race. Russia is one of the nations in Europe where bigotry is on the ascent because of separation particularly for the dark individuals (FIDH, 2017). The heritage of government in prejudices is the place a few nations have a perspective on being more remarkable than others because of race. Gross domestic product of states is utilized in making a few nations in the west demonstration better than others because of their financial security. The high pace of bigotry in Russia has prompted people from various races to take part in the tasks of the country. It is basic for the administration to assess the heritage of bigotry which adversely influences the financial and social advancement of a nation. Russia is a country which is generally known about segregating individual because of their race, particularly in broad daylight places. This separation decreases the confidence levels of a person as one is made look substandard compared to other people. Bigotry casualty can't accomplish potential from creation because of the demolitions caused because of race. The legislature is required to think of methodologies which are planned for diminishing the instances of bigotries in the country for the accomplishment of set long haul objectives (Haltinner, 2014). Worldwide relations and exchange are contrarily influenced by the inheritance of bigotry in Russia where individuals are not ready to draw in activities in the nation because of expanded separation cases. Expansionism and slave exchange are essential givers of instances of bigotries where a few races appeared to be better than others (Olusoga, 2017). Considerably after imperialism and slave exchange, there have been instances of racial maltreatment to the minority gathering of the general public. It is fundamental to diminish the prejudices cases in a country as it impactsly affects the individual and national exhibition. The impacts of bigotries incorporate; one is the decrease of creation level because of diminished confidence and inspiration. It is basic for representatives to have a most extreme inspiration to accomplish the set individual and authoritative objectives. Bigotries make it difficult for people to arrive at their potential as it influences their capacity to work. Two is dysfunctional behavior because of racial maltreatment where one experiences misery and stress. Constant abuse because of race lessens the mental and passionate exhibition which could prompt psychologic al sickness. Three is viciousness caused because of the racial maltreatment which could prompt injury and demise in this way it is basic to deal with the instances of racial maltreatment in the general public (Feagin Bennefield, 2014). Four is diminished worldwide relations where a few countries are not ready to draw in with a nation which is generally known for racial maltreatment. In conclusion, bigotry prompts decreasing to global exchange as speculators are hesitant in going into the matter of the country which prompts diminished financial execution. The administration of Russia and the European Union has created methodologies for guaranteeing that there are diminished instances of racial maltreatment in the district. In taking care of prejudices in Europe, the countries consented to International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) where people are required to be dealt with similarly paying little mind to race (FRA, 2017). European Union nations are required to follow the set strategies in dealing with different issues confronting the countries concerning racial separations. Fines and prison terms are utilized in guaranteeing that there are decreased bigotry cases in Russia for the social and financial advancement of the nation. Russia has created instructive projects which target expanding attention to decreased separation for the accomplishment of set macroeconomic objectives of the country. Forestalling racial contempt in a nation is fundamental in giving a decrease of prejudice cases f or ceaseless social advancement. Are basic investigations of whiteness a case of: (pick one idea) agonism, political accuracy or a governmental issues of shared freedom? Characterize your terms cautiously and clarify. Whiteness hypothesis is planned for distinguishing the starting point of white individuals by recognizing the social and social foundation of the individuals. Whiteness contemplates target distinguishing the start of white individuals as don't have appearances of other race (Perazzo, 2016). The examinations have added to prejudice in colleges particularly in the USA where the investigation is predominant as it means that that white individuals are more special than different races. White individuals are increasingly prevailing in the USA contrasted with different races where study targets distinguishing the social convictions of the individuals in the prior days. The whiteness has prompted various sentiments where a few backings and others are against the investigation of deciding the root of white individuals. The chronicled and social perspectives are clarified in the examinations for an efficient recognizable proof of race. Agonism is a political hypothesis which distinguishes the issues associated with governmental issues where some destructive components positively affect the exhibition of the general public. It is basic in agonism to decide the positive and negative components in the usage of a specific approach in guaranteeing that it accomplishes an expansion in social turn of events. Political mindfulness expects people to get required information that will expand the constructive parts of governmental issues for an expansion in the social and financial advancement of the country. The politic of common freedom requires considering the opportunity of all gatherings associated with the general public for a steady presentation of an association (Edwards, 2014). The shared freedom requires distinguishing proof of the necessities of national partners to fulfill the prerequisites for expanded creation. White investigations are identified with governmental issues of shared freedom where all races are required to be distinguished in the examination. The examination is should have been controlled in guaranteeing that there isn't instructing of requirements of racial oppression and benefit in the network. White examinations are important to distinguish the perspectives on influenced people of the general public for a steady exhibition of in the network. The predominant perspective on the white network causes the understudies to have various parts of the theme. Common freedom is essential for guaranteeing that the assessments of different partners are recognized in a smooth progression of the network (Agger, 2014). A few people are helpless from the examinations by recognizing the white society as favored in the network. The way of life and history of the white individuals are required to be controlled in guaranteeing that there is a steady presentation in a country. The history and cul ture in whiteness examines need to have a shared commitment. Freedom requires contemplations of the necessities of different individuals in the network in creating arrangements that will decidedly affect the presentation of the nation (Kinni, 2015). The white investigations have the negative and positive effect on the understudies requiring the framework to actualize approaches to guarantee common advantages to all advantages. Correspondence in the political framework is accomplished through legislative issues of shared freedom where the necessities of various people are recognized and fulfilled. The exhibition depends on the approaches executed in the country for the accomplishment of set social and financial objectives. Individuals are required to be similarly tr

Legal Environment of the Vietnam Markets

Legal Environment of the Vietnam Markets Socio-Cultural and Political-Legal Environment of the Vietnam Markets Home›Research Posts›Socio-Cultural and Political-Legal Environment of the Vietnam Markets Research PostsMethodology:This report is a product of an ambitious research done on various business information databases and thorough consultation with different research agencies. Business databases have the latest news on what is happening on the ground in all parts of the world as far as businesses and business opportunities are concerned. Research firms also came in handy because they have archived materials that were also relevant in this research.Introduction:Opportunities and risks, from time immemorial have     been chief considerations before coming up with any viable investment venture, any where in the world. Vietnam form   a   historical view   point has   been   a country which   presents abundant business   opportunities for investors despite   the existing   socio-cultural and political legal environments . This report will therefore form an important and valuable reference point for those willing to come up with viable business opportunities and investment ventures in Vietnam.Business Opportunities in VietnamVietnam presents abundant business opportunities for the products of ‘Read the World’. This is particularly true because, from time immemorial, the   country has been   faced and still   continue to   be faced   by a   perennial shortage of   trees which has eventually dwindled forest resources as a result of serious logging , a situation that has been   compounded   by a variety   of   challenges, including but   not limited to, illegitimate cutting down of trees under the guise   of using them for even   more   beneficial purposes.Its pulp and paper industries have seriously been reeling under the lack of raw materials. The herculean yet recommendable efforts of the country’s authorities in control     and management especially in the forestry sector directed at fighting illegitimate logging of trees have been futile because of the social character of the Vietnamese, which has made many of them to be able to only see their present benefits at the expense of the ensuing ramifications.Other authorized agencies have also not been instrumental at directing their efforts towards the same.   Vietnam’s sactions and punishments on illegal loggers have also been weak. In the midst of all these is a golden business opportunity, a ready and available market for the products of ‘Read the World’ in Vietnam’s retail outlets.Majority of the Vietnamese are also educated and will definitely make use of the products. Moreover, the price index of the consumers have also been rapidly on the increase   since   2010 when the government   came up with a   raft of measures which   were directed at stemming down   the rate of inflation and the implementation and innovation of strategies   to develop medium and   small-size of business enterprises. (Hoboken, 2010, p 336)The Vietnam government has also approved electronic tax services which are expected to modernize the services. This will enable the country develop a lot of consistency and in the same breathe, ensure there is transparency in managing its taxes.( James, 1997, p.37)This will stem down the ever-rising tide of corruption among the Vietnamese especially in the line of collection and processing of taxes. This was after having realized it had delayed in the development of strategies that are geared towards adoption of e-commerce.This   is also expected   to strengthen   the legalities and the   modalities   related to administration and line it   with the   expectations of internationally recognized standards   and   also offer attractive services to   the tax paying bodies, all of   which will work   to the advantage of   ‘Read the   World’.Vietnam’s economic foundations and how it offers this investmentOvertime, Vietnam has been placing a lot of emphasis on its slow integrati on in trade, mainly within a global scale and cultivation of a political climate that would culminate into an attractive system for investment by other world countries. (Charles,1988,   p.79)The country has also been on the frontline towards the realization of a rapid transformation into an economy that is more oriented towards the marketing sector. The country is currently working on a reform package that has brought on board and hankered into partial and     private ownership of enterprises that were previously owned by the state and ambitious strategies that are geared towards liberalizing the existing trade regime. (Harrison, 1997, p. 56)In the last few years, Vietnam has been grappling with a global environment which from the   economic perspective has come   with its own challenges   but has   registered   an   annual   economic   growth   rate of approximated   to be about 7 % during   the last   5 years. (Jin, 2005, p. 91)Just like   in   youth-dominated markets like Brazil, Mexico, India, South Africa Philippines among others, the younger population of   the Vietnam have   increasingly   been equipped with new ideas, ways   and modalities of   engaging customers, coming up with fresh   and   workable solutions to problems   associated with   the   aged, and   also initiating   new models of organization. This, to larger extent is shaping the future of Vietnam.The economy of Vietnam is one that is still transitional. The Vietnamese government, has therefore been highly encouraging and supporting a Micro entrepreneurship culture of initiating small business enterprises among the people so as to stabilize the economy.This would place the products of ‘Read the World’ on a more competitive edge in the retail outlets. Moreover, since the late 20th century, Vietnam and Cambodia     have jointly been trying to open up their transitional economies to global trade and investment opportunities. This has seen them achieve good results, which has continually p laced them in a well established position in the war towards the reclamation of the economy of the world.Threats to business opportunities in VietnamThreats to businesses in Vietnam can be grouped as state and non-state     threats. The threats include but are not only limited to:Corruption: Corruption can be defined as that which is done with an aforethought of getting some self motivated benefits which are not in line with the rights and the entitlements of other people. (Dick, 2010, p.442)Dynamics in the political, commercial and legal sectors have watered the tree of corruption in Vietnam. (Tim Lindsey and Howard Dick, 1948, p 68)Corruption is alive and kicking, both at the higher and at the cadres of the Vietnamese government.   This is doing more harm than good. This ahs caused disparity in     its economy and d the aid given to the government has often been misplaced. (Bird, 2003)The sitting government has been     involved in many scandalous deals which have always raised ey ebrows     among the court of public opinion.   It is a vice that the government has given only paper solutions.   Corruption in Vietnam is said to permeate every economic sector and the government has dismally failed in the war against it. (Caleb, 2010, p.123)Government regulations are also     very stringent to the extent that the people are forced to grease the palms of those in charge.Over the years, access to decent and afford able housing in Vietnam continue to be a problem. This has culminated into a situation where the rental rates for the existing few decent offices have flared up.(Battler, 1989, p.234)Real estate agents and companies have however popped up in Vietnam and this has greatly improved access to decent housing and office rental units. (John, 1967,p.24)As a   result of   the same,   rental rates   have also been   able to stabilise and the   supply and   demand forces can now   positively interact. On the contrary, the demand for business offices has not been adm irable. (Charles, 1988, p.121)The country has also not been very instrumental at removing the existing    red-tape or the bureaucratic bottlenecks.   All these can impact negatively on the operations of ‘Read the World’.   Currently, there are so many administrative procedures which the country has promised to reduce. (Sue, 1997, p.101)This can     slow down the processing of the legal requirements before ‘Read the World’ can begin selling its products to the Vietnam people. These have seriously dented the local climate for investment.( Bird, 2003, p334)As a result of run-away corruption and thuggery in government, regulations are still not very transparent. The government systems have terribly failed.   Invoices are also printed according to the regulations of the governments own hedonistic pursuits. (Manuel, 1994).The rights of the investors have also not been properly hankered and enforced.   This has therefore attracted very little in     terms of investment in the coun try. (Jonan, 1999,   p84)The pervading political climate and corruption has worked to the disadvantage of investors.( Benedict, FW Davies,1960, p.223).This can also to some extent work against the establishment of this viable business opportunity. Investors are also highly taxed and this has discouraged many potential investors.(Hook,1999, p.48)Vietnam,   being a third   world   country which   is   still   grappling with putting itself on the right   economic footing is mainly   composed of people who are   still not skilled in any   area. Very few people are skilled in one way or the other. (Camnont Walter, 1999, p. 345)Overdependence on rice cultivation for commercial and subsistence purposes leaves very few to other jobs.( Geoffrey, 1986,   p.79)As a result, the products of ‘Read the World’ may not be given priority in the scale of preference of the Vietnamese.ConclusionThe decision to sell the products of ‘Read the World’ in Vietnam would be the most prudent of all de cisions. Despite the inherent risks and threats, ‘Read the World’ would reap more from the sale of its products.RecommendationsAmbitious advertising should be carried out in the internet and other forms of media to inform the Vietnamese people on     the same.Increasing diplomatic   relations with   Vietnam

Development Challenges in the Context of Zimbabwe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5024 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF ZIMBABWE. Zimbabwe as a developing state has a number of developmental challenges that emanate from different quarters within the parameters of its political, social, economic, technological and environmental set ups. This factors which are both historical and current intermingle in arresting development as to be discussed. To begin with, the past corporate driven global economic policy termed the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme of 1991 and the ratification of various trade agreements like the SADC Trade Protocol, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), among others are the starting points for discussing the development challenges that Zimbabwe faces today because their implementation had a long term negative contribution to the social, political, economic, political and environmental challenges that we are faced with today. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Development Challenges in the Context of Zimbabwe" essay for you Create order Prior to ESAP, the government subsidized commercial food production, provided agricultural infrastructure, inputs and credit directed mainly for maize production. With the introduction of ESAP in 1991, the government opened the agricultural sector to a market forces as dictated by the trade liberalization policies. Its introduction marked a paradigm policy shift from the state led development of the 1980s to market based economic system. This resulted in massive cuts on government expenditure and its support for essential service in the fields of education, health. It also eliminated support for producers and consumers. Due to lack of government support in the agricultural sector, which was the backbone of the country, the sector started to dwindle in performance and this together with successive droughts and an agrarian reform that was poorly planned which commenced in 2000, the country had to rely on food imports which created a big budget deficit and took away the resources which could have otherwise been channeled towards development. ESAP created a large pool of unemployed people due to company closures and this was the initial start up of the problems the country is reeling from presently. The country has not had a stable political environment emanating from the problems of ESAP. Victims of ESAP associated its effects to poor planning on the part of the ruling ZANU PF party and voices of dissent grew culminating in the formation of a labour backed party, the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) which was formed in 1999. The party presented a big challenge to the ruling ZANU PF government. There started to develop intolerance and political polarization in the country as a result of the ideological differences between the two parties. After successive elections, the two parties, ZANU PF led by President Robert MUGABE, MDC Tsvangirai faction together with another splinter group of the original MDC, which is led by Arthur MUTAMBARA finally formed an All Inclusive Government (AIG) in February 2009 through efforts of the regional bodies and the African Union as a way to stabilize the deteriorating socio-political and economic situation that was now obtaining in the country due to the polarization among the parties. This development was aimed at bringing stability and rebuild the country which had suffered at all fronts. While the AIG had some successes in its objectives, the mistrust and lack of tolerance among the working parties is threatening to wash away the little confidence that the international donor community had started to develop in Zimbabwe and thereby retarding the receipt rate for foreign direct investment to create employment in the country. Lack of direct foreign investment has led to high unemployment levels and lack of viable foreign business partnership in key economic fields like electricity generation where the sole generator of electricity, ZESA is failing to supply the market thereby subjecting the country to constant power cuts which have led to low productivity in the industry which ultimately translates into low profits and low salaries for employees. Such a scenario gave rise to the persistent labour disputes cutting across both the private enterprises and the civil service. This leaves the majority of workforce with low disposable income such that it would disable them to fend for their dependents in critical areas like health, education and basic utilities which are the primary factors in achieving development. The issue of bitter inter personal conflict between the ZANU PF principal President Robert MUGABE and MDC T leader Prime Minister Morgan TSVANGIRAI is also derailing the passing of key decisions that affect development. The Zimbabwe Independent edition of 5 to 11 February 2010, page 1, reported that Prime Minister TSVANGIRAI had rejected a directive from the Presidency directing all Ministers to report to the country’s two (2) Vice Presidents, not to TSVANGIRAI as stated in the initial agreement of the working modalities of the AIG as stated in the Global Political Agreement (GPA) that the parties signed in September 2008. As such, the process of getting executive authority to undertake key projects will be prolonged due to such fights for power and control within the government structures. This could be because each party would be after pursuing the credit for coming up with any particular positive project. Furthermore, the MDC Tsvangirai party claims that there are many outstanding issues that ZANU PF should fulfill as per the GPA agreement to which ZANU PF said that it would not cede to any demand from the MDC T until it shows commitment towards removing economic sanctions that were imposed by the Western powers at the behest of the Land reform programme. Another noted example was the decision by the MDC Tsvangirai to temporarily pull out of the AIG in 2009. All this bickering undermines investor confidence in the country and make investors hold on to their funds until a time when the situation will be conducive. The issue of undermining investor confidence can also be read in the context of irresponsible public policy announcements that the country’s political leadership has been making in regards to the return of the local currency as the legal medium of exchange. This sent a wave of uncertainty in the present and would be investors such that the present investors and players in the country’s economic field have resorted to keeping their money in external accounts in preparation for any eventuality as they view the banking sector as unstable. As such there has not been a significant growth in terms of savings and deposits while business is booming on the other hand. This also had an effect on government revenue inflows as tax payments are evaded. Western interference in the political system of the country remains another huge obstacle to the attainment of development in Zimbabwe. In 2001, the United States Government passed the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act which imposed financial sanctions on the government of Zimbabwe and its state enterprises on allegations of misgovernance. The act makes it impossible for Zimbabwe to access financial assistance for development from the Bretton Woods Institutions. Additionally the European Union (EU) officially imposed economic sanctions against Zimbabwe. These measures, which the government says was in response to the country’s land reforms which ran contrary to the west’s imperialistic foreign policy, made it difficult for the industry which had already been ravaged by the effects for ESAP to recover. Massive company closures and retrenchments followed and household incomes were eroded and the sanctions still stand today, despite the progress the country made in addressing the political problems. Zimbabwe cannot access any funds from the major international financers outside the scope of humanitarian funds like infrastructural development. Zimbabwe remains isolated on the international scene and it has not benefited from debt relief programmes that were undertaken by the Bretton Woods Institutions. What further compounds the situation is the 19 January 2010 pronouncement by the British Foreign Secretary David MILLIBAND that the MDC Tsvangirai should advise the British government on the appropriate time to dispose the sanctions since they are the ones who instigated for their imposition. While the sanctions could have worked in favour of the MDC to obtain protest votes form the electorate they are actually affecting development on large scale due their effect on the macro and micro economic status of the country. It has also been noted that the sanctions coupled with international isolation were responsible for the failures of government initiated economic recovery programmes which were implemented since 1996 to present namely the Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation (ZIMPREST), Millennium Economic Recovery Programme and National Economic Revival Programme. In 2000, the Commercial Farmers Union (CFU) with assistance from the international community that was opposed to clauses that were incorporated in the draft constitution that allowed the government to compulsorily acquire land without compensation successfully campaigned for the rejection of the draft constitution in the 2000 Constitutional Referendum. In response, the government then embarked on a fast track land resettlement programme in response to the political dictates that were prevailing at the time and also to evade the legal constraints that were hindering the quitable land redistribution programme which was necessary and to also reduce the majority’s vulnerability to the structural economy. While to a greater extent the programme managed to resettle over three hundred thousand (300 000) families under its different models, not much planning had been done in regards to measures to ensure sustained production on the farms. The newly resettled farmers lacked the technic al expertise and other related resources to kickstart farming. This development coupled with the droughts that followed greatly compromised the country’s food situation. Influential politicians took advantage of their posts to effect multi farm allocations for themselves which defeated the purpose of the programme which was among other things to decongest the communal areas. Also the majority of the resettled farmers did not surrender land they held in the communal areas, such that the communal areas remained congested, allowing the environmental degradation associated with the congestion to continue. This noble cause failed to address the environmental needs of land management, which was one of its purposes due to the corrupt tendencies in the exercise. The government tried to assist the new farmers with inputs and farm equipment but the inputs were in majority cases sold on the parallel market, abused and exported to neighbouring countries in search of quick foreign currency returns by the beneficiaries while the farming equipment did not benefit the majority poor farmers but instead went to those who were politically influential. The targeted new farmers did not benefit and as such food security was not guaranteed. The programme to release the seeds and fertilizer was poorly timed such that the inputs would reach their beneficiaries long after the planting and fertilization periods. As a result a lot of money was lost in the exercise which otherwise could have benefited the nation had the arrangements been done in a more transparent and orderly manner. The international community also did not support the land reform even though requests were made at many times to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assist. Furthermore the 2010 budget was viewed in many circles as not having availed enough funds to the agricultural industry. While the sector represents about twenty six percent (26%) of the economy, the Finance Minister only allocated fifty million dollars (US$50 Million) to the sector and he failed to avail the funds early thereby increasing the chances of the sector failing to pick up. The country has no food reserves after the budget failed to avail funds to the Grain Marketing Board to purchase maize from farmers. This puts the sector into further doldrums. The land reform did not properly address the plight of farm workers and the majority of them were left homeless and jobless. Farms which were not meant for human habitation were even listed for resettlement through the influence of politicians who were part of the Lands Distributing Committees and these overrode advice from technical experts on proper allocation using their political muscle. This led to such ills like poaching since some people had been haphazardly resettled in animal corridors, like at Matetsi in Hwange, gold panning in Zederburg Farm in Mberengwa and Naunetsi ranch in Mwenezi. The government incurred domestic debts in trying to uplift its people but due to poor policy planning the goal was not achieved in totality. The programme had a negative bearing on the national fiscus and presently the government is still relocating some people who were improperly resettled. Also a lot of money was recently channeled to conduct audits to unearth the corrupt land allocations which could have been otherwise used for proper development projects. Additionally, Zimbabwe was also classified on the international scene as a country that do not fully protect property rights judging by loss of farms by former commercial farmers, hence an unsafe investment haven. After the devastating effects of ESAP and the recurrent droughts that followed, a large number of retrenched workers started to operate small to medium scale enterprises which included vending, flea markets. Furthermore, the able bodied rural population migrated to urban areas to escape from rural hunger, since their mainstay, agriculture had been incapacitated by droughts. Also their breadwinners in urban areas were no longer sending any income as they had been rendered jobless by ESAP. This rural-urban migration put pressure on urban areas resulting in the mushrooming of illegal settlements, vending stalls, overcrowding, and straining of the social utilities like sewage systems. This development came with associated vices like high crime rates, corruption and prostitution. To deal with this menace the government came up with Operation Restore Order of 2005 which saw the destruction of illegal structures both for vending and residential. According to UNDP estimates over seven hundred thousand (700 000) homes were estroyed and about two point five million (2 500 000) people were left homeless. The operation destroyed the income base of the most small scale business people, their residences and created mobile vulnerable people. Household incomes fell and poverty levels shot up. Property was lost in the operation. The government tried to come up with an exercise to build low cost houses and vending stalls for the victims of the operation but they were however in most c ases corruptly hijacked by those who already owned houses and had political links at the expense of the real victims. The exercise also failed to reach its intended target because the government had a limited financial capacity to fund the exercise and it never reached full completion. Up to now the majority of the houses were never completed and they do not have sewerage and water reticulation systems in place. An example can be that of the Victoria Falls Operation Garikayi compound. It also put Zimbabwe into further international isolation on allegations of human rights violations. Victims of the operation resent the government for being inconsiderate and their consent to participate in any government initiated development project is limited. Victims of the operation lost their livelihoods and they never got any compensation from the government neither were they ever later mainstreamed back into the formal economic system. The operation also consumed a lot of money in its execution and exacerbated poverty levels with the affected groups thereby creating a pool of yet another section of vulnerable people who need economic integration. The country’s investor policies are not favourable to western investors. Cited can be the Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act. While it seeks to empower the majority blacks in the economic playfield, the Act has the potential to be hijacked by the elite few rich proletarian blacks while ultimately scaring away investors. Observers say the country currently does not have the capacity to involve its locals in such ventures due to lack of capital since the economy is still to fully recover. As such the enactment is premature and not very attractive to foreign direct investors. Recent World bank surveys covering a total of one hundred and eighty one (181) countries to determine favourable investment protection policies ranked Zimbabwe at one hundred and nineteen (119). The problems of global warming caused by poor international environmental management methods had a devastating effect on the region in which Zimbabwe is situated. The country has been experiencing recurrent droughts due to climate change. The country on its own has been contributing to global warming through its ills. Cited is the constant power cuts which cause people to resort to fossil fuels as an alternative. The Seke Communal areas of Mashonaland East have been deforested due to illegal tree cutting in search of firewood. The same scenario is developing in Emganwinini extension of Bulawayo where locals are nearly encroaching into the Matopos National Park area in search of firewood. The by-products of the firewood combustions contribute to the emissions of greenhouses gases. The effects of deforestation can also be viewed in the context of land degradation due to soil and gulley erosion after the felling of trees. This destroys land for agriculture and infrastructural expansion thereby retarding development since the majority of Zimbabweans live in rural areas and are dependent on farming. It also costs the government a lot of money to reclaim such land. Siltation of dams resulted out of soil erosion and it is limiting the availability of both irrigation and drinking water. Irrigation water is crucial for agricultural development. This problem is more pronounced in Matabeleland North province where due to high temperatures dam dry up fast. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is another major hindrance to development in Zimbabwe. Its social, economic and political effects have the capacity to retard development to a very large extent. With over twenty five percent (25%) of the adult population infected with the virus, according to World Health Organization (WHO) figures 2008 the country is in dire straits. The June 2001 UN General Assembly Special Session of HIV/AIDS, the it was declared that the spread of HIV/AIDS constituted a serious obstacle to the realization of global development goals and in that regard Zimbabwe is no exception. Due to the widespread poverty, which presents an ideal environment for the spread of HIV virus, the disease is eating away the country’s productive age groups thereby resulting in the increase in the number of orphans, the elderly and homeless children. The epidemic is also taking away both skilled and unskilled labour force from the fragile industry which is trying to pick up. Since the most vulnerable group in exploring effects of HIV/AIDS is the productive age group, household income are eroded such that poverty levels remain high. Household viability is also compromised by the epidemic. It also has an impact on food security per household especially in rural areas where they will be no energetic young people to do farming leaving the elderly and inexperienced children to do the tilling. Government sectors namely health, education and security which are crucial for creating viable human resource base for investment and secure investment environment are also being decimated by the epidemic with most teachers and health staff dying due to AIDS. Furthermore the rate of staff turnover due to HIV/AIDS impact is high in security forces namely the defence forces and ZRP such that it is difficult to replace them and to cover for their experience. According to USAID 2001 report on impact of HIV/AIDS, Zimbabwe Defence Forces had an infection rate of over fifty five percent (55%) as per 1999 statistics. This greatly limits the capacity of the defence forces to defend the country and render it unstable. The ZRP even lowered its training curriculum for recruits from one year to six months to cover up for the effect of the epidemic. This however compromises the quality of cadres produced. This reduction of staff has reduced the police to community ratios and leaving certain sections more vulnerable to crime. Insurance payouts claims are also increasing due to the impact of the disease such that the industry is now operating at high costs. Medical aid schemes have incurred high costs due to need for medical services by the infected. The government has also incur high ,medical budget costs in purchasing medication for those infected. The stagnant economic growth in Zimbabwe has in the past years forced flight of skilled labour force to regional and international markets where remuneration was far off better than that which was being offered locally. Central Statistics Office (CSO) figures of 2009 indicated that over four million Zimbabwe are in the Diaspora where they escaped economic problems. The major areas affected by this distress migration are education, medical and manufacturing sectors. A lot of medical staff, teachers, artisans and engineers left the country at the onset of economic problems. This left the country with employees who lacked experience and expertise to run strategic entities and institutions, hence greatly compromising service delivery. The country is very short of doctors, teachers and engineers. Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) Hwange Power Station according to their annual report of 2007 lost at total eleven (11) engineers, fifteen (15) technicians to South Africa’s Eskom. The company further lost a total of thirty five (35) artisans to South Africa, Botswana and Namibia. The same scenario also obtained at the Hwange Colliery Company (HCC) which in 2008 lost thirty four (34) employees, twenty one (21) of them in management, six (6) technical and three (3) from medical services. These are just some of the noted cases of brain drain within some strategic corporations and their replacements are hard to come by. The country is currently facing a severe skills crisis and several companies are failing to recruit locally since most technocrats left the country. This has an effect on resuscitating industry and the social services sector which are necessary to kickstart the economy. Worse still these people would have been trained using state’s resources in crafting future development of the country but then they will use their expertise to develop other countries. The issue of low salaries that do not match the regional and international levels of remuneration remain a big threat to skills retention. The Sunday mail edition of 14-20 February 2010 page 1reported that the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) was facilitating the recruitment of Zimbabwean doctors and other highly specialized medical staff to be sent to Lesotho. The medical personnel would be given salaries ranging between one thousand seven hundred dollars (US$1 700) and two thousand seven hundred dollars (US$2 700) monthly plus other very attractive fringe benefits. In Zimbabwe the same staff earn between one hundred and ninety dollars (US$190) and three hundred dollars (US300). Static cultural practices have also contributed to the stagnation of development in the country. Currently the Ministry of Health is embroiled in a problem with members of the Johane Masowe sect over the church’s refusal to have infants within their congregations immunized on the argument that they are catered for by divine protection. According to the UNICEF Zimbabwe representative, Peter SALAMA quoted in the NewsDay edition of 5 February 2010 page N1, from November 2009 to present, a total of sixty two (62) children died due to measles which could have been prevented through immunization. Of those who died ninety eight percent (98%) were from the Johane Masowe sect. Such religious beliefs increase child mortality rate which is an inhibiting factor in development. Another area of cultural practices that have the potential to retard development that still exist in Zimbabwe in the circumcision ritual that is conducted by the Baremba people who reside in parts in Midlands. This tribal group circumcises boy when they reach puberty age but the way they conduct the process exposes the boys to risks of contracting HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Besides their methods do not fully protect the boys from excessive blood loss such that at times deaths even occur. When such death occurs, they tribe blame it on the mother of the particular victim. It is believed that it would be because that the mother was a witch or was in some bad satanic business. These has been a practice that is very magnified within Matabeleland region of both legal and illegal cross border movement to South Africa and Botswana. This practice started long back to the days of booming gold and diamond mining in South Africa in the early 1920s and up to now it has been regarded as a norm that whenever a male child from the region reaches maturity age, he has to cross the border to search for money. Furthermore, the picture that is painted by those returning from South Africa and Botswana with flashy cars and a lot of disposable income tempts those who would have been left behind to go a try their luck also. That explains why there is a high number of Zimbabweans living is South Africa in many parts of Matabeleland North and South provinces. This has led to high school drop outs in the region and also parents leave for South Africa leaving child headed families in the country. Furthermore, since most of the migrants leave their families behind, they will be high risk for HIV/AIDS. The children would be expected to supervise each other in areas of schooling and morality and this gives rise to immoral behaviour among such children and high failure rates in schools. While this is not an outright cultural practice it was being socially acceptable as the norm. Poverty remains one of the major factors hindering development in Zimbabwe. It is very high in Zimbabwe with 2004 UNDP estimates putting it over eighty five percent (85%). Poverty disables those affected to access such essential drivers for development like education, proper health care, basic infrastructure and their life expectancy is low. Poverty creates a fertile ground as it makes community vulnerable to all vices that are associated with it such as crime prostitution. The recent increases in armed robberies in Zimbabwe could be attributed to increasing poverty and frustration in the people particularly those with access to firearms. Poverty thus makes a country unstable and it can give rise to such situations like riots, demonstrations and violent elections. While the country enjoys a high level of adult literacy, it has not done much in technological inventions. This could be attributed to the education system that is in operation at present. It was observed that after writing Advanced Level, students are admitted into degree programmes largely judging by the number of points one will have attained, disregarding one’s real choice. As such a person who will have aspired to be a doctor as his life will find himself being a mining engineer due to points. Students should be allowed to pursue an academic curriculum that is designed for their fields of desired profession after Ordinary Levels. This case works well in the United States of America where students are admitted into high school focusing on studies which link with their intended areas of study. Even the employment system is driven by the one’s desire to have a sustainable income than by one’s love for the trade/profession. Nepotism and corruption also characterize the employment system in the country. Through such tendencies the country finds itself employing wrong people in wrong professions. This more magnified in the civil service, where you find that even though one does not aspire to be policeman, by the virtue that he/she has a contact in the recruitment system, he/she might find himself/herself in the job which he will not be committed to. This leads to inefficiency and poor service delivery. The secondary education curriculum should at least be designed in way that allows people to choose and prepare for their desired profession at an early stage so that the right people with dedication and interests in particular jobs land them. This however can only be feasible when the government and the private sector rationalize the remuneration systems in their sectors together with the conditions of service so that there will not be great disparities. The media in Zimbabwe is a threat to development in its own dimension. The media in Zimbabwe is divided along political lines with the independent media aligned with the MDC Tsvangirai while the state media is aligned to ZANU PF. It is quite observable that the goodness or badness of a report in the media is determined by which particular political party it benefits and which paper it is reported in. That has even led to polarization in the audience of the media groups with some people viewing everything in state media as lies while others see anything in the independent media as incorrect. Worse still the country has some foreign radio station which beam directly into Zimbabwe such as Voice of America and Studio Seven. While it is necessary for media freedom to have a multi media environment, journalists in these two media sector are not advancing the interests of the people but rather of the different political groups they support. As such the Minister of Media, Information and Publicity Webster was reported to have on 04 February 2010 resolved to meet editors from the state and independent media in order to remind them that they should report responsibly. The independent media has been on the onslaught attacking government in all circles with impunity while the reverse is true for state media as it attacks activities that emanate from the opposition camps. This issue of negative and partisan reportage always puts the country on regional and international spotlight and it creates an impression that Zimbabwe is a country that is disorganized such that investors, tourists and other benefits that are suppose to come to the country will not be realized. In summing up the above it can be noted that Zimbabwe has some great challenges in attaining development. If these factors could be addressed, then Zimbabwe with its vast human, infrastructural and natural resources can be indeed the jewel of Africa. In will take co operation of all the sectors of the country to achieve this goal where national interests are put to the fold ahead of individual, partisan and greed tendencies which characterize the present scenario. REFERENCES 1. Zimbabwe Human Development Report 2003. Redirecting our responses to HIV/AIDS: Poverty Reduction Forum. Institute for Development Studies: University of Zimbabwe 2003. 2. Report of the Presidential Land Review Committee: Dr Charles UTETE 2003 3. Environment and Pollution and Control: Zimbabwe Open University: I NHAPI 2000 4. My Socio-Economic Rights: Labour and Economic Development Research Institute 2008. 5. The Zimbabwe Independent: 5-11 February 2010. 6. The Sunday Mail: 14- 20 February 2010. 7. NewsDay: 5 February 2010 8. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. www. wikipedia. com.

President John F. Kennedy - 911 Words

There are many theories on what happened on November 22, 1963. A president was assassinated while campaigning for re-election. Many people are skeptical about what happened and many theories have been formed. Though there is only one right answer to what really happened on this somber Friday, many people have formed their own beliefs. One theory is that there was more than one shooter. What, as close as can be collected from the existing reports, are the circumstances surrounding JFK s death to prove that there was more than one shooter? In this essay, I will detail the events of the day on which JFK was killed, November 22, 1963, and then I will examine these two theories concerning the events of that day: that there were two shooters, and that there was a â€Å"magic bullet.† At the end of the essay, I will present my analysis of all this. I. History of Events of Day It all started on Friday, November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was in Dallas Texas for a luncheon with business leaders there. His motorcade was driving through downtown Dallas Texas. He had requested that his bodyguards back off so that he could campaign. He thought that if the bodyguards were always next to him he would look scared and weak. He was a very bold and charismatic president. President Kennedy made a decision, and he politely told everybody, You know, we re starting the campaign now, and the people are my asset.’ And so, we all of a sudden understood. It left a firm command to stay off theShow MoreRelatedPresident John F. Kennedy1738 Words   |  7 Pages President John Fitzgerald Kennedy Our Nation’s 35th President Andrew Hogenson History 112 June 15, 2015 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the USA and served at that position only for three years as at the end of the third year he was assassinated in Texas. 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The Definitive Strategy to American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples

The Definitive Strategy to American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples 1 way I'd like to aid the homeless is you could throw a party for folks to increase money for homeless veterans. Folks will pay for tickets and will get in the party, where there is going to be a concert and completely free food and door prizes. Present fags where required. It's possible to hear your entire family acting very cheerful. As you tell them with the news, their smiles start to modify and they cry. They don't look over at the individual beside them to find out what they're doing to light their fire and think that there's only one method to light it. Laws and rules are essential to the stability of the nation. You have to follow along with our rules. Rules have rights you must stick to the rules in order to get rights. You have to know the rules of the game so as to be a referee. All contestants have to submit their essay electronically. Contestant's actual expenses won't be reimbursed. Local essay winners will be given a cash award. The exact same subject and oration employed in the department contest has to be utilized in the national contest. It is going to be his second visit to the Nationals. There are 3 unique opportunities through our Plan of Action which you'll be able to utilize to promote Americanism. Now's the time t o think about running for a Department Office. For more information regarding the American Legion Oratorical program, get in touch with your community American Legion Post or visit our National site. Get the Scoop on American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples Before You're Too Late 1 way to stop veteran homelessness is to assist veterans find great jobs and homes. We'll deal with them, and for an affordable price, as we understand that students typically don't have plenty of money to spare. Incomplete applications won't be considered. These programs really make a difference in thousands and thousands of lives every year. Everybody has a voice in the way the nation is run, and the citizens are equally as crucial as the leaders of the nation. Kirsten DeGeest We need to guard our freedom so we'll be a free nation. You have to order a cap and gown so as to take part in the graduation ceremony. Our flag is quite important and special to us protect our flag is the exact same as protecting our nation. American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About There are plenty of techniques to demonstrate Americanism. Americanism also involves showing respect all the moment, not just on the Fourth of July. It was founded on the idea of democracy. Protecting America isn't just protecting America it's the individuals who are living in it. It is not important to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. When you own a job and training, you can get a home. If you're going to require support more quickly you can frequently use our custom made crafting provider. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. We can say what we wish to say anytime we would like to say it. With all these veterans wi thout homes just part of taxes won't be sufficient. The 5-Minute Rule for American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples Thoughtlessly performing these actions results in a paradox of unoriginal ideas and too little diversity. Please contact Coach K should you have any conflicts. These are a few ways to help our suffering soldiers. If a person doesn't adhere to the law, he or she's going to face minor to serious consequences. New Questions About American Legion Essay Contest Essay Samples Keep in mind your buying classified ads offers you a wide readership, and supporting the Beat. You may also secure different discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. The options are endless and the outcomes are resounding. Below are ideas for every one of these opportunities.

Research Proposal on Management Information System Essay Example

Research Proposal on Management Information System Paper Management information system is the computer system which provides information for organizations, its executives, and employees and takes the active part in the improvement of the process of production and effectiveness of the work. It is evident that the company and any other institution are not able to exist without the quality information supply and decision making. To provide businesses with the information of all kinds which can be useful for the development of the firm and increase of its profit various management information systems have been created. The standard system consists of: hardware (the computer equipment, required for the creation, processing, and storage of information); software (the computer programs which analyze the stored data and play the core role in the process of decision making); data (the collected information which can be used for the reasonable decision making); procedures (the set of operations which are applied in the process of management aimed at the appropriate analysis of the information, its comparison, calculation, and prediction); people (the essential element of the system, because only talented and qualified employees can analyze the data thoroughly and draw the right conclusions having received the results of the research through the computer data analysis). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Management Information System specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Management Information System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Management Information System specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The importance and usefulness of management information systems cannot be overestimated. Because the results gained due to the computer research of data, the profit, expenditures, etc. of the company can play the enormously important role in the design of the firm’s strategy and policy of its further development and improvement of its production. Management information system is a complicated system which facilitates the work of the company and improves the quality and productiveness of its elements, such as human resources, their knowledge, accounting, situation on the market, the problem of supply and demand, etc. The student who has chosen to research the issue on management information system can touch upon the most exciting and relevant elements of the problem writing a quality proposal which can persuade the professor in the usefulness of the generated topic. One should have the methods chosen for the research and present the strategy or the outline of the further actions about the examination of the issue on management information system. A good research proposal is supposed to be carried out in the wheedling tone and contain useful and up-to-date information, no one can prepare the right paper following the advice of a free example research proposal on management information system analyzed by an expert online. The most significant advantage of a well-formatted free sample research proposal on management information system is an appropriate structure, the format of the text and the logical order of the arguments and facts. If you need professional research proposal writing assistance on this topic, try academic writing company below: